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The combination of ingredients in NitroVol makes it a ready made and convenient stack to use. The ingredients have been selected so as to promote a range of beneficial physiological effects at the cellular level that are not able to be obtained via the ingestion of its ingredients individually. This means that NitroVol may offer many physiological benefits that cannot be obtained by simply consuming creatine, protein or glutamine individually. 1. Creatine: Increases cellular hydration via its ability increase intracellular volume (Bemben et al., 2002). This is believed to be an anabolic signal, which may promote protein synthesis (Haussinger et al., 1993). Due to its effect on muscle metabolism, creatine may also allow a higher training intensity to be maintained which may ultimately lead to a greater stimulus for muscle growth (Volek et al., 1999). 2. Glutamine: Is a fuel source for numerous cells of the immune system and may be able to reduce infections rates in athletes during strenuous competition and training (Castell et al., 1996). Furthermore, the provision of supplementary glutamine may spare muscle protein in the case of inadequate dietary intake (Antonio et al., 1999). Glutamine may also increase the cellular hydration status (Antonio et al., 1999), which may be an anabolic signal (Haussinger et al., 1993). 3. Carbohydrates: Research has indicated that that resistance exercise can elicit a considerable glycogenolytic effect, which can lead to fatigue and strength loss (Conley, 1996). Carbohydrates may therefore be of benefit to replenish and assist in the maintenance of muscle glycogen stores (Haff et al., 2003). 4. Protein Blend: Proteins can be broadly classified as either fast or slow depending on how quickly they are absorbed (Boirie, 1997). Prior to and immediately following exercise it may be beneficial to ingest protein sources that are rapidly absorbed and provide the muscle with amino acids to stimulate protein synthesis. However, a slow protein source may be beneficial to ensure the maintenance of blood amino acids in the hours after exercise and promote an anticatabolic environment. NitroVol contains a protein blend designed to achieve both these objectives. The whey protein in NitroVol can be considered a fast protein source that is rapidly absorbed (Ha et al., 2003), while casein derived from the whole milk proteins (Kreider et al., 2002) can be considered a slow protein (Boirie et al., 1997).
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